Registration form for International Creative Writing Contest

The International Creative Writing Contest

2013 Entry Form, Mongolia

Participant Information (required)

Name (last, first): ____________________________

Age: ______

Grade/Course: ______

Volunteer’s Name: ___________________________

School: _____________________________________

Aimag: ____________________

City/Town: ____________________

English Teacher’s Name: ______________________

Extra Information (optional)

1. What are your hobbies?

2. What things are important to you?

  

3. What are your special talents?

4. What is your favorite color?

5. What is your favorite animal?

  

6. What is your favorite song?

7. When is your birthday?

  

8. What are your like and dislikes?

The International Creative Writing Contest

2013 Entry Form, Mongolia

Participant Information (required)

Name (last, first): ____________________________

Age: ______

Grade/Course: ______

Volunteer’s Name: ___________________________

School: _____________________________________

Aimag: ____________________

City/Town: ____________________

English Teacher’s Name: ______________________

Extra Information (optional)

1. What are your hobbies?

2. What things are important to you?

  

3. What are your special talents?

4. What is your favorite color?

  

5. What is your favorite animal?

6. What is your favorite song?

  

7. When is your birthday?

8. What are your like and dislikes?

Англи хэлний "Пирамид" тэмцээний текст - Бүх анги

The Wright Brothers

            The Wright brothers were Orville Wright (born August 19, 1871 and died January 30, 1948) and Wilbur Wright (born April 16, 1867 and died May 30, 1912). They designed, built, and flew the first controlled, powered, heavier-than-air airplane on December 17, 1903. They had been experimenting for many years with gliders and other vehicles before their first powered flight. They are also known for making the first way to steer an airplane. They designed the aircraft in Dayton, Ohio, and their first test flight was in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

            The Wrights both grew up in Dayton, Ohio. They were two of seven children. Their father was Milton Wright and their mother was Susan Catherine Koerner. Their father was a minister in the Church of the United Brethren of Christ. They went to high school, but didn’t receive a diploma; Orville dropped out of high school during his junior year and started a printing business in 1889. Their weekly newspaper was called the West Side News, where Orville was the publisher and Wilbur was the editor. After that, they started a shop to build and repair bicycles. In 1892 they opened a repair and sales shop for bicycles called the Wright Cycle Exchange. Four years later they manufactured their own brand of bicycle.

By this time, the Wrights were interested in flight, especially the gliders of Otto Lilienthal from Germany. They used the money they made from the bicycle shop to fund their interest in flight. They thought controlling a plane was one of the big problems of flight. Lilienthal and others had been killed when they could not control their glider aircraft. The Wright brothers fixed the problem by building wings that could be twisted a little and moved up and down slightly.

            From 1900 to 1902, they built gliders in Dayton and tested them in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, where there were strong and steady winds. During these years, they also made small versions of the wings, and built a wind tunnel to test how well different wing shapes would lift an airplane.

In 1903, they built a powered airplane called the Wright Flyer I, that had wooden propellers and a light but powerful engine. The Wright Flyer airplane first flew successfully on December 17, 1903, in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. The first flight went 120 feet (37 meters) for 12 seconds, at a speed of 6.8 miles per hours (10.9 km/hour). This was the first time people ever flew a powered airplane they could control. (Before that, people flew in balloons or gliders, or for a very short time in planes they couldn't control.) The two brothers continued to make changes to their design, and had a very good plane by 1905.

            After that, they started a company to build airplanes and had a “patent war” with Glenn Curtiss over who could make money from the invention of the airplane. Curtiss and some others had created “ailerons” which helped control the plane in a way very similar to the way that Wright brothers had created. The Wright brothers didn’t want Curtiss making money from the ailerons. Curtiss greatly disagreed with the Wright brothers about the patent, and in 1909 he sold an aircraft that had ailerons on it to the Aeronautic Society of New York. The Wrights filed a lawsuit against Curtiss, and against other foreign aviators. The Wright brothers won their case against Curtiss in February 1913 because the judge said that ailerons were covered under the Wright’s patent.

However, in April 1912, Wilbur took a business trip to Boston regarding the patent war and fell ill. When he returned to Ohio, he was diagnosed with typhoid fever, and after several weeks he died, at the age of 45, on May 30. So, Orville continued working to keep his reputation as the first man to fly.

In 1915, Orville sold his airplane company and it then became the Wright-Martin company. In 1917, World War I was happening, so the U.S. government asked the airplane industry to form an organization that made it okay to build planes for the war effort without going against the patents. They called this organization the Manufacturers Aircraft Association. Two millions dollars were paid to both the Wright-Martin company and the Curtiss company.

            Neither brother ever married. After Orville sold his company, he retired and became an important adviser for aviation, where he served on official boards and committees, including the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). Orville died of a second heart attack on January 30, 1948. Both brothers are buried at the family plot in Woodland Cemetery, in Dayton, Ohio.

Англи хэлний "Пирамид" тэмцээний текст 8, 9-р анги

Leif Ericson

            Leif Ericson was a Norse explorer regarded as the first European to land in North America (excluding Greenland), nearly 500 years before Christopher Columbus. According to the Sagas of Icelanders, he established a Norse settlement at Vinland, believed to be at the Norse L'Anse aux Meadows on the northern tip of Newfoundland in modern-day Canada.

            Leif was the son of Erik the Red and his wife Thjodhild, and the grandson of Thorvald Asvaldsson. His year of birth is believed to be about 970. Though Leif's birthplace is not stated in the sagas, it is likely he was born in Iceland, where his parents met—probably somewhere in western Iceland, and possibly at a farm where Thjodhild's family is said to have been based. Leif had two brothers, Thorsteinand and Thorvald, and a sister, Freydís.  

Thorvald Asvaldsson, his grandfather, was banished from Norway for killing someone and went into exile in Iceland accompanied by young Erik. When Erik was himself banished from Iceland, he traveled further west to an area he named Greenland, where he established the first permanent settlement in 986. Tyrker, one of Erik's slaves, had been specially trusted to keep in charge of Erik's children, as Leif later referred to him as his "foster father".

            Leif and his crew travelled from Greenland to Norway in 999. Blown off course to the Hebrides, a group of islands near Scotland, and staying for much of the summer, he arrived in Norway and became a hirdman of King Olaf Tryggvason. Leif also converted to Christianity, and was given the mission of introducing the religion to Greenland. The Saga of Erik the Red and the Saga of the Greenlanders, both thought to have been written around 1200, contain different accounts of the voyages to Vinland. According to the Saga of Erik the Red, Leif apparently saw Vinland for the first time after being blown off course on his way to introduce Christianity to Greenland.      According to the Saga of the Greenlanders, Leif had heard the story of a merchant Bjarni Herjólfsson who claimed to have sighted land to the west of Greenland after having been blown off course. Leif approached Bjarni, purchased his ship, gathered a crew of thirty-five men, and mounted an expedition towards the land Bjarni had described. Leif's father Erik was set to join him, but dropped out after he fell from his horse on his way to set sail, an incident he thought was a bad omen (sign). Leif followed Bjarni's route in reverse, and landed first in a rocky and desolate place he named Helluland (which means “Flat-Rock Land,” which is possibly Baffin Island in modern northern Canada). After venturing further by sea, he landed the second time in a forested place he named Markland (Forest Land, possibly Labrador in modern eastern Canada). Finally, after two more days at sea, he landed in a place Leif named Vinland (Wineland). There, Leif and his crew built a small settlement, which was called Leifsbúdir (Leif's Booths) by later visitors from Greenland. After having wintered over in Vinland, Leif returned to Greenland in the spring with a cargo of grapes and timber. On the return voyage, Leif rescued an Icelandic castaway and his crew, earning Leif the nickname "Leif the Lucky."          

Leif is described as a strong man of striking appearance, who was wise and considerate. During Leif's stay in the Hebrides, he fell in love with noblewoman Thorgunna who gave birth to their son Thorgils. Thorgils was later sent to Leif in Greenland, but he did not become popular. After Leif's first trip to Vinland, he returned to the family home in Greenland, and started preaching Christianity to the Greenlanders. His father Erik did not want to leave his ancient Norse religion, while his mother Thjodhild quickly became a Christian and built a church called Thjodhild's Church. Leif is last mentioned alive in 1019, and by 1025 he had passed on his leadership to another son, Thorkell. Nothing is mentioned about Leif's death in the sagas—he probably died in Greenland sometime between these dates. Nothing further is known about Leif's family beyond the succession of Thorkell as chieftain (leader).

            For the anniversary of the first official immigration of Norwegians to America, President Calvin Coolidge stated at the 1925 Minnesota State Fair, to a crowd of 100,000 people, that Leif had indeed been the first European to discover America. In 1929, the Wisconsin state government passed a bill to make October 9 "Leif Erikson Day" in the state; the bill was signed by Governor Walter J. Kohler, Senior. in May of the same year. That date was not chosen to remember any event in the life of Leif Ericson. Rather, it marked the first organized immigration from Norway to the United States when the ship Restauration, coming from Stavanger, Norway, arrived in New York Harbor on October 9, 1825. In 1964 the United States Congress authorized and requested the president to proclaim October 9 of each year as "Leif Erikson Day".